![]() It is always closed except for momentary relaxation during swallowing. Its closure prevents air from being sucked into the upper esophagus when intrathoracic pressure falls, allowing air to be sucked only into the permanently open trachea. It is created by the convergence of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the cricopharyngeus muscle (Fig. It is physiologically in a tonic state, constricting the distal end of the pharynx (in coordination with the superior pharyngeal constrictor and the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles). The cricopharyngeus has an important sphincteric function. It acts as a sphincter at the lower end of the pharynx and is always closed except for momentary relaxation during swallowing. The inferior pharyngeal constrictor is a muscle of the pharynx that, together with the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors, forms the posterior and. ![]() Its muscle fibers are continuous with the circular muscular coat of the esophagus. ![]() Its fibers run continuously from one side of the cricoid arch to the other side around the pharynx without inserting into a midline raphe posteriorly. The cricopharyngeus muscle is rounder and thicker than the other constrictor muscles. The lower fibers are horizontal and lie edge to edge with those of the cricopharyngeus component. Its fibers curve around posteriorly and insert into the midline raphe. The thyropharyngeus muscle arises from the (a) thyroid cartilage at the oblique line and (b) the tendinous arch that spans the cricothyroid muscle. a Schematic of human pharynx (posterior view), showing anatomical locations and arrangement of stylopharyngeus (SP), superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal.
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